氮素形态对香榧苗期光合作用、主要元素吸收及氮代谢的影响

In this study,we measured the photosynthetic rate,the contents of primary inorganic elements,and nitrate reductase activity and leaf N content of Torreya grandis seedlings subjected to different inorga...     

硝化抑制剂对小白菜生长和土壤性质的影响

施用硝化抑制剂可有效控制蔬菜硝酸盐积累,施用硝化抑制剂DMPP、土地精和双氰胺可提高小白菜的经济产量、叶面积、净光合速率,降低硝酸盐含量,并对栽培土壤有明显的改良作用。硝化抑制剂对小白菜的硝酸盐积累抑制作用为DMPP双氰胺土地精,3种硝化抑制剂在经济产量方面表现为DMPPDCDTC,比对照分别提高产量19.32%、14.83%、9.46%。对叶茎鲜重比的影响结果为DCD(84.7%)DMPP(84.4%)TC(83.8%)CK(78.1%)。通过对栽培土壤的研究发现硝化抑制剂能显著改良土壤的盐渍化,降低小白菜生长过程中土壤盐离子的含量,提高铵离子在土壤中的含量,抑制土壤耕层硝酸盐的生成。     

不同水分条件下平衡施肥对旱地冬小麦土壤硝态氮运移的影响

为了探明不同水分条件下旱地冬小麦养分管理措施对土壤环境的影响,在控雨池栽条件下,设置水分与肥料双因素随机区组试验,以不施肥为对照,研究了0~200 cm土层在底墒为650 mm时,不同水分条件下3个平衡施肥处理(Y1:N 13.9 kg·hm-2、P2O54.65 kg·hm-2、K2O 15.3 kg·hm-2,Y2:N97.5kg·hm-2、P2O532.7 kg·hm-2、K2O 107.6 kg·hm-2,Y3:N 181.2 kg·hm-2、P2O560.6 kg·hm-2、K2O 199.8 kg·hm-2)对旱地冬小麦主要生育时期土壤硝态氮运移的影响。结果表明:开花期、灌浆期,在各水分条件下,0~80cm土层土壤硝态氮平均含量及积累量在Y1施肥量水平下与不施肥处理(Y0)差异不显著,Y2、Y3水平较Y0和Y1硝态氮平均含量增加98.6%~363.6%(P0.05),硝态氮积累量增加98.2%~260.9%,Y3与Y2无显著差异;施肥量的增加对80~160 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量及累积量无显著影响。在生育期补灌100mm(R3)、78 mm(R2)、56 mm(R1)条件下,冬小麦成熟期3个施肥量80~160cm土层的土壤硝态氮累积量较不补灌(R0)分别减少27.2%~41.0%、44.8%~48.4%、23.7%~49.4%,较高的水分条件加剧了土壤硝态氮向深层的淋溶。从满足冬小麦营养需求、减少土壤硝态氮的累积、提高肥料利用效率等方面综合考虑,冬小麦的适宜施肥量为Y2水平。     

施氮对不同质地滴灌棉田土壤硝态氮分布及棉花产量的影响

为了探究施氮对不同质地滴灌棉田硝态氮分布及产量的影响,采用温室土柱模拟的方法,研究了滴灌条件下不同质地土壤硝态氮分布迁移特征,分析了施氮对NO_3-N和棉花产量的影响。结果表明,在灌水量一定的条件下,在砂土、壤土中施氮量分别为256.00、287.34 kg/hm~2时,相应的氮素积累量最大,皮棉产量最高,土壤硝态氮主要集中分布在30~40 cm土层,有利于棉花根系的吸收,且分别比不施氮增产43.87%和44.92%。一定施氮量下,壤土硝态氮分布的均匀性优于砂土,并且根层20~40 cm土层硝态氮量高于砂土,且比砂土平均增产6.16%。砂土、壤土中硝态氮量在各生育期总体呈现"降-增-降"的变化趋势,并且收获前期施纯氮340 kg/hm~2处理60cm土层砂土硝态氮量的第二个峰值较壤土提高15.98%,在生育期末端砂土在深层的氮素积累高于壤土,存在继续向下淋失的风险。     

甘蔗蜡提取物多廿烷醇的降血脂机制研究

采用RT-PCR、Western Blot、L-[35S]放射性标记物掺入等方法,观察甘蔗蜡提取物多廿烷醇对Hep G2细胞羟甲基戊二酸辅酶A (HMG-CoA)还原酶mRNA转录及蛋白质表达量的影响,及其对HMG-CoA 还原酶合成和降解的作用.结果表明,多廿烷醇降低HMG-CoA还原酶mRNA的转录和蛋白质的表达量,且作用效果随多廿烷醇浓度的升高而增强.此外,多廿烷醇抑制HMG-CoA还原酶的合成并加速其降解,多廿烷醇处理后HMG-CoA还原酶的半衰期明显缩短.     

Regulation of C/N Interaction in Model Plant Species

Summary

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms are two major metabolic pathways which have been intensively studied in plants. Both N and C metabolisms are tightly linked in numerous plant biochemical pathways. Therefore the C to N ratio has to be carefully regulated to ensure proper functioning of the huge metabolic network. In order to maintain a viable C/N status under a large range of growth conditions plants have evolved complex mechanisms to regulate the delicate network of these two major assimilatory pathways. C and N metabolisms are both highly regulated. We will present the current knowledge on the regulation of N and C metabolisms by sugars and N metabolites. Players involved in these regulatory processes are just starting to be uncovered and possible signaling molecules involved in these regulations as well as known or potential candidate regulatory genes willbe discussed.     

Impact of excreted nitrogen by grazing cattle on nitrate leaching

Abstract. At De Marke experimental farm, data on water and nitrogen flows in the unsaturated zone were gathered on two grazed pastures on sandy soils during the years 1991 to 1994. These provided a basis for calibration and validation of simulation models. The different levels of nitrate-N concentrations of the two plots could largely be explained by differences in crop uptake and simulated denitrification as influenced by different groundwater levels. The irregular distribution of excreta was taken into account by a simulation study quantifying the variability of nitrate-N concentrations under a grazed field. The resulting distribution of simulated nitrate-N concentrations explained the average and peak values of the measured concentrations. Temporal variability of weather was used to assess the nitrate leaching risk under urine patches deposited in either July or September. At site A the probability of exceeding the EC-directive by drinking water (11.3 mg/1 nitrate-N) under a urination deposited in either July or September was respectively 10 and 25%. The average field concentration at this site will hardly ever be a high risk for the environment under the current farm management. At site B the EC-directive will be exceeded under any urine patch in almost 100% of the years, affecting the field average concentration. In field B careful grazing management would result in less nitrate leaching, but the environmental goals would not be reached.     

Numbers of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the rumen as estimated by competitive polymerase chain reaction

Cell numbers of known species of nitrate- and nitrite-reducing bacteria, Selenomonas ruminantium, Veillonella parvula and Wollinella succinogenes , in the rumen of goats (25–30 kg) were estimated by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of S. ruminantium was the largest of the three species examined, and tended to be greater in goats fed a high-concentrate diet (5.6 × 10⁷ cells/mL rumen fluid) than in goats fed a high-roughage diet (1.3 × 10⁷ cells/mL). The number of V. parvula tended to be greater when goats were fed a high-roughage diet (6.7 × 10³/mL) than when fed a high-concentrate diet (3.2 × 10³/mL). The number of W. succinogenes was below the detectable level (< 1.0 × 10²/mL) when a high-concentrate diet was fed, but was significantly increased by feeding a high-roughage diet (1.6 × 10³/mL). Addition of potassium nitrate (6 g/day) to the high-concentrate diet tended to increase V. parvula , and significantly increased W. succinogenes , indicating that these two bacteria can be increased by feeding a diet containing nitrate.     

Genetics of nitrate content of lettuce, 1: Analysis of generation means

Summary The genetics of nitrate content in butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was studied using the mean values of five parental genotypes and several generations obtained from crosses between them. One high nitrate parental genotype was chosen and four low nitrate ones. A diallel analysis showed additive genetic effects to be the major source of variation in generation means. Estimates of additive genetic effects differed significantly between experiments, indicating genotype x experiment interactions. Effects of dominance were relatively small. The size and direction of dominance varied between experiments. Reciprocal differences were of very limited size and also varied between experiments. The inheritance of nitrate content in lettuce fitted the additive-dominance genetic model.